Abstract:
Background: Healthcare associated infections endure a main reason for morbidity, mortality and cost globally despite advances in infection prevention and control. Understanding temporal shifts in causative organisms is essential for surveillance, resource allocation and challenges faced by Nurses.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study to fi nd out challenges faced by nurses and all culture-positive infections from 2022–23 to 2024–25. Organisms were classifi ed by year and clinical service (surgical vs medical). Chi-square tests assessed temporal change in organism distribution and
service allocation. Eff ect sizes were estimated using Cramér’s V with 95% CIs.